wiki:Tutorials/k0SDR/Tutorial00

Version 31 (modified by seskar, 10 years ago) ( diff )

—

Table of Contents

  1. SDR Tutorials
    1. Working with USRP2 - Universal Software Radio Peripheral
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Usage
      5. Capture waveform and record to file & add time-domain plot of waveform
      6. Troubleshooting
    1. Working with USRP X310
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources Utilized
      3. Set Up
      4. Building the GNU Radio Flowgraphs
      5. Running the Experiment
      6. Troubleshooting
    1. Simple radio example with GNURADIO benchmark scripts
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Running GNU Radio benchmark scripts
      5. Outputs from transmitter and receiver
      6. Troubleshooting
    1. Simple radio example with GNURADIO benchmark scripts (OEDL)
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Running OEDL script and viewing results
      5. OEDL script
    1. OFDM radio example with GNURADIO benchmark scripts
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Running OEDL script
    1. Spectrum sensing with USRP2 and wiserd
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Generate signal source file using octave
      5. Set up transmitting node
      6. Set up receiving node(s)
    1. Spectrum sensing with USRP2 and wiserd (OEDL and OML)
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Transmit predefined tone
      4. Record spectrum data to an OML file
      5. Performing the experiment using OEDL
    1. Transmitting wideband signals using USRP X310 and wiserd
      1. Description
      2. Transmitting a signal using wiserd
      3. Creating the signal
    1. Running DSC match script from the grid console
    1. Working with GNURadio and Nutaq ZeptoSDR
      1. Description
      2. Set up
      3. Run the GRC scripts
    1. Realtek 2832 EZCap - A Frugal SDR
      1. Prereqs
      2. A cheap spectrum analyzer
    1. MacSwitch (Obsolete)
      1. Prerequisites
      2. Start Mac Switch
    1. Zynq-based WISER platform - Start-up test
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Loading the Zedboard
      5. Running a start up test
    1. Zynq-based WISER platform - Spectrum Sensing
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Set up
      4. Start spectrum sensing
    1. Zynq-based WISER platform - Spectrum sensing with multiple nodes (OEDL)
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources utilized
      3. Spectrum sensing with an OEDL script
    1. Zynq-based WISER platform - Building the Firmware
      1. Description
      2. Getting the FPGA source code
      3. Building the FPGA design
      4. Building ARM core software
    1. Nutaq - PicoSDR start-up and configuration
      1. Description
      2. Set up
      3. Launch demo scripts
    1. Multi channel sample collection with x310
      1. Description
      2. Set up
      3. Collect samples
    1. Getting started with RFNoC X310
      1. Description
      2. Set up
      3. Find USRP X310s
      4. Program the FPGA
    1. Multi Channel Sample Processing & Visualization
      1. Hardware / software resources utilized
      2. Receive multi channel signal for processing and plotting
      3. Transmit a signal using a single usrp
    2. Plot the IQ Constellation of received signal
      1. Multi-channel Uhd STreamer (MUST)
      2. Description
      3. How it works (without going into the source-code :-D
      4. Source code & compilation
      5. Hardware interface application
      6. XML file
      7. Command server
      8. Usage Example
      9. Signal handler applications
      10. Tutorials
    1. Using two RFNoC streams simultaneously on a single USRP device
      1. Description
      2. Set Up
      3. Running the Simulation
    1. Using 2 transmit or 2 receive antennas simultaneously
      1. Description
      2. Set Up
      3. Running the Experiment
    1. Generate random transmissions emulating Primary Transmitters
      1. Description
      2. Set Up
      3. Running the Experiment
    1. RFNoC Spectrum Sensing
      1. Description
      2. Set Up
      3. Run the experiment
    1. Full-Duplex Wireless using USRP N210
      1. Description
      2. Hardware / Software Resources Utilized
      3. Set Up
      4. Run the Experiments
      5. Example Experiment 1: A Real-Time Full-Duplex Radio with OFDM PHY (GNU …
      6. Example Experiment 2: A Simple Full-Duplex Radio Experiment (Terminal …
    1. LTE Traffic Trace Collection
      1. Description
      2. Setup OAI emulation framework
      3. Connecting UE to LTE network
      4. Connecting Multiple UEs
      5. Enabling OAI logging Module
      6. Application Design
      7. Running OAI using scripts
    1. Simple Radio Example with USRP X310 on ORBIT Sandbox 2
      1. Description
      2. Set Up
      3. Run the experiment
    1. Wideband Channel Sounding with USRP X310s
      1. Description
      2. Set Up
      3. Run the experiment

Working with USRP2 - Universal Software Radio Peripheral

Description

In this tutorial we'll use the 2 USRPs on Sandbox 3 to transmit and receive a single frequency over the air to demonstrate the use of Universal software Radio peripheral Hardware Drivers (UHD) which is used standalone to configure and enable the USRPs. This tutorial can be run on other USRP2s available of the grid as well. For details on available USRP2s on the grid, please see ​available USRP2 HW.

Hardware / Software Resources utilized

  1. Sandbox 3 - consists of two nodes (node1-1 & node1-2). Each node has a USRP2 connect via Ethernet.
  2. ubuntu-12-04-uhd.ndz: disk image loaded onto nodes. This image has all the precompiled - software required to configure the USRPs and analyze recorded data. The USRP2's interface with the node is already configured.
  3. omf: used to image to nodes
  4. octave: GNU version of MATLAB

Set up

Usage

  • Once nodes are imaged, ssh into each node. Use the USRP2 on node1-1 as the transmitter and USRP2 on node1-2 as receiver.
    ssh into node1-1 
    username@console.sb3:~$ ssh root@node1-1
root@node1-1:~# cd uhd/host/build/examples/

ssh into node1-2 

username@console.sb3:~$ ssh root@node1-2
root@node1-1:~# cd uhd/host/build/examples/
  • The directory content should look like the following in both nodes 
    root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ls
benchmark_rate       latency_test      rx_samples_to_file  test_pps_input        tx_waveforms
CMakeFiles           Makefile          rx_samples_to_udp   tx_bursts
cmake_install.cmake  network_relay     rx_timed_samples    tx_samples_from_file
CTestTestfile.cmake  rx_multi_samples  test_messages       tx_timed_samples
  • Once inside the node verify that the node can talk to the USRP 
    root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# uhd_find_devices
  • It should return something like the following: 
    root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# uhd_find_devices
linux; GNU C++ version 4.6.1; Boost_104601; UHD_003.004.003-0-unknown

--------------------------------------------------
-- UHD Device 0
--------------------------------------------------
Device Address:
    type: usrp2
    addr: 192.168.10.2
    name:
    serial: 1232
  • Probe the device 
    root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# uhd_usrp_probe
linux; GNU C++ version 4.6.1; Boost_104601; UHD_003.004.003-0-unknown

-- Opening a USRP2/N-Series device...
-- Current recv frame size: 1472 bytes
-- Current send frame size: 1472 bytes
  _____________________________________________________
 /
|       Device: USRP2 / N-Series Device
|     _____________________________________________________
|    /
|   |       Mboard: USRP2-REV4
|   |   hardware: 1024
|   |   mac-addr: 00:50:c2:85:34:d0
|   |   ip-addr: 192.168.10.2
|   |   gpsdo: none
|   |   serial: 1232
|   |
|   |   Time sources: none, external, _external_, mimo
|   |   Clock sources: internal, external, mimo
|   |   Sensors: mimo_locked, ref_locked
|   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |    /
|   |   |       RX DSP: 0
|   |   |   Freq range: -50.000 to 50.000 Mhz
|   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |    /
|   |   |       RX DSP: 1
|   |   |   Freq range: -50.000 to 50.000 Mhz
|   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |    /
|   |   |       RX Dboard: A
|   |   |   ID: XCVR2450 (0x0061)
|   |   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |   |    /
|   |   |   |       RX Subdev: 0
|   |   |   |   Name: XCVR2450 (0x0061)
|   |   |   |   Antennas: J1, J2
|   |   |   |   Sensors: lo_locked, rssi
|   |   |   |   Freq range: 2400.000 to 6000.000 Mhz
|   |   |   |   Gain range LNA: 0.0 to 30.5 step 15.0 dB
|   |   |   |   Gain range VGA: 0.0 to 62.0 step 2.0 dB
|   |   |   |   Connection Type: IQ
|   |   |   |   Uses LO offset: No
|   |   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |   |    /
|   |   |   |       RX Codec: A
|   |   |   |   Name: ltc2284
|   |   |   |   Gain Elements: None
|   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |    /
|   |   |       TX DSP: 0
|   |   |   Freq range: -250.000 to 250.000 Mhz
|   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |    /
|   |   |       TX Dboard: A
|   |   |   ID: XCVR2450 (0x0060)
|   |   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |   |    /
|   |   |   |       TX Subdev: 0
|   |   |   |   Name: XCVR2450 (0x0060)
|   |   |   |   Antennas: J1, J2
|   |   |   |   Sensors: lo_locked
|   |   |   |   Freq range: 2400.000 to 6000.000 Mhz
|   |   |   |   Gain range VGA: 0.0 to 30.0 step 0.5 dB
|   |   |   |   Gain range BB: 0.0 to 5.0 step 1.5 dB
|   |   |   |   Connection Type: QI
|   |   |   |   Uses LO offset: No
|   |   |     _____________________________________________________
|   |   |    /
|   |   |   |       TX Codec: A
|   |   |   |   Name: ad9777
|   |   |   |   Gain Elements: None

If the commands uhd_find_devices & uhd_usrp_probe return No UHD Devices Found, please refer to the troubleshooting section.

  • On node1-1 use the waveform generator to continuously transmit a single frequency sine wave with a frequency of 100k Hz sampled at a rate of 8 MSamples / second and modulated upto 5000MHz 
    root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ./tx_waveforms --wave-freq 100e3 --wave-type SINE --freq 5000e6 --rate 8e6 --gain 20 --ampl 0.9

linux; GNU C++ version 4.6.1; Boost_104601; UHD_003.004.003-0-unknown


Creating the usrp device with: ...
-- Opening a USRP2/N-Series device...
-- Current recv frame size: 1472 bytes
-- Current send frame size: 1472 bytes
Using Device: Single USRP:
  Device: USRP2 / N-Series Device
  Mboard 0: USRP2-REV4
  RX Channel: 0
    RX DSP: 0
    RX Dboard: A
    RX Subdev: XCVR2450 (0x0061)
  TX Channel: 0
    TX DSP: 0
    TX Dboard: A
    TX Subdev: XCVR2450 (0x0060)

Setting TX Rate: 8.000000 Msps...

UHD Warning:
    The hardware does not support the requested TX sample rate:
    Target sample rate: 8.000000 MSps
    Actual sample rate: 7.692308 MSps
Actual TX Rate: 7.692308 Msps...

Setting TX Freq: 5000.000000 MHz...
Actual TX Freq: 5000.000000 MHz...

Setting TX Gain: 20.000000 dB...
Actual TX Gain: 20.000000 dB...

Setting device timestamp to 0...
Checking TX: LO: locked ...
Press Ctrl + C to stop streaming...
  • Now set up the USRP2 on node1-2 to sniff the spectrum at 5000MHz using the rx_ascii_art_dft tool 
    root@node1-2:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ./rx_ascii_art_dft --freq 5000e6 --gain 20 --rate 8e6 --frame-rate 10 --ref-lvl -50 --dyn-rng 70
  • The output should display a frequency spectrum in the terminal using the ascii art! This plot is showing the a peak at 5000 MHz. Note that this peak is composed of the carrier which is centered at 5000 MHz and the tx waveform at 5000 MHz + 100 kHz. 
    -50                                                            |
                                                               |
                                                             ! |
                                                             |||
-60                                                          |||
                                                             |||
                                                             |||
                                                             |||
-70                                                          |||
                                                             |||
                                                             ||||
                                                             ||||
-80                                                        !|||||!!.
                                                           |||||||||
                                                           |||||||||
                                                        .  ||||||||| .|
                                                       !|  ||||||||| ||
-90                                             .     !|||.|||||||||.||!       :
                                         :.    !|   :|||||||||||||||||||:.    .|   ::|
                                 . .:.|  ||!!  ||||.||||||||||||||||||||||| .:||  !|||
                                || ||||  ||||: |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||: ||||. :    !|
-100                   .: .     ||.||||! ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||.|||||.|:  .||   ! .
                ..     || ||||:!|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |||| :||.||
                ||     || |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||:||||||   !
         . .    || .|:|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| |.| !||.! |
-110   !.|:|.   ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||:|||.|||||||.:
       |||||||  ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
       |||||||:|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
      ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
-120  ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 dBfs          4997MHz       4998MHz       4999MHz        5000MHz       5001MHz       5002MHz       5003MHz         O
  • Now going back to node1-1, turn off the waveform generator so nothing is transmitted. That is do a ctrl-c in the node1-1 terminal. The frequency spectrum display on node1-2 should display the noise floor 
    -50



-60



-70



-80




-90

                                                               !
                                          :.   :   :  |    ||  |  | !    !
-100                          .    |. .  .||!  |  ||! |!:. || :|  | | .:||  !              .
                         !    |: |!|| |  ||||! |  |||.||||:||:|| || |:||||::|.| ! !.!     .|.
             .       :| ||: ::||.||||:|:!||||| |!!||||||||||||||!||:|||||||||||:|:||| :.:.|||||!:             |
             |   :|:.||:||| ||||||||||||||||||:|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||| ::    . : . |
-110        !|:| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||.|||||||||||.||!  :|.| | |.
       !| |!|||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||| |!||| |.
       || ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||| ||
       ||:|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||!|||||.||
-120  :|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 dBfs          4997MHz       4998MHz       4999MHz        5000MHz       5001MHz       5002MHz       5003MHz         O
  • Now generate a waveform at 1 MHz with a carrier centered at 5000 MHz. 
root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ./tx_waveforms --wave-freq 1e6 --wave-type SINE --freq 5000e6 --rate 8e6 --ampl 0.5
  • Two distinguishable peaks should be present in the frequency spectrum of the receiving node. The peak at 5001 MHz corresponds to the 1 MHz sine wave generate and the smaller peak at 5000 MHz corresponds to carrier signal. This can be a very rough estimate of the carrier signal strength of about 75 dBm. 
                                                                                     :.
                                                                                 ||
-60                                                                              ||
                                                                                 ||
                                                                                 ||
                                                                                 ||
                                                                                 ||
                                                                  :              ||
                                                                  |              ||
-80                                                               |              ||
                                                                  |              ||
                                                                  |             .||
                                                                  |             |||
                                                                  |:         .. ||||
                                                  : ..           .||        .|||||||!
-100                             . :           . !| ||       :.::|||   : .. ||||||||||   !
                          :      |!|:     .  | |!||||| |:|  :||||||| | | ||:||||||||||   |.! ||
                       !. |    :!||||| ..||  |:|||||||!|||. ||||||||.|!|!||||||||||||||:||||.||:  |  !.   .. ::
              !     .  ||:| !: |||||||.||||! |||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||! |.||| |.|| ||  !.!.       !
      |: |    |!!| .|:!|||| ||:|||||||||||||!|||||||||||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||.|||||||||| ||:!||||.|    .|
      ||||!   ||||.||||||||:||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||.|||||||||||.: ||
      ||||| !||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||.||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||:||
-120  ||||| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 dBfs           4997MHz        4998MHz         4999MHz        5000MHz        5001MHz         5002MHz        5003MHz
  • Play around with the options on tx_waveforms - vary the tx_waveforms amplitude (—ampl option) and the waveform frequency (—wave-freq); verify the corresponding change in the received frequency spectrum. To view all options do the following: 
root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ./tx_waveforms --help

Capture waveform and record to file & add time-domain plot of waveform

  • Now record the received signal to an OCTAVE / MATLAB file. From node1-1 transmit a waveform with the following attributes 
    root@node1-1:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ./tx_waveforms --wave-freq 1e6 --wave-type SINE --freq 5000e6 --rate 8e6 --ampl 0.5
  • On node1-2, use the rx_sample_to_file utility to dump the received samples into a file. 
    root@node1-2:~/uhd/host/build/examples# ./rx_samples_to_file --freq 5000e6 --rate 8e6 --type float
  • The samples will be recorded into the file usrp_samples.dat. Upload this file into octave and plot the time-domain samples. On node1-2, start up octave 
    root@node1-2:~/uhd/host/build/examples# octave
GNU Octave, version 3.2.4
Copyright (C) 2009 John W. Eaton and others.
This is free software; see the source code for copying conditions.
There is ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  For details, type `warranty'.

Octave was configured for "i686-pc-linux-gnu".

Additional information about Octave is available at http://www.octave.org.

Please contribute if you find this software useful.
For more information, visit http://www.octave.org/help-wanted.html

Report bugs to <bug@octave.org> (but first, please read
http://www.octave.org/bugs.html to learn how to write a helpful report).

For information about changes from previous versions, type `news'.

octave:1>
  • From the Octave prompt verify received signal in the file. The function read_float_binary used below can be downloaded from the attachment. 
    octave:5> c=read_float_binary('usrp_samples.dat');
octave:6> creal = c([1:2:length(c)]);
octave:7> cimage = c([2:2:length(c)]);
octave:8> subplot(211) ; plot(creal(100:230)) ; title('real') ; axis([0 140 -0.010 0.010]) ;
octave:9> subplot(212) ; plot(cimage(100:230)) ; title('imag') ; axis([0 140 -0.010 0.010])
  • An octave plot window displaying the sine wave should be similar to the following.
Plot of received sine wave

Troubleshooting

  • uhd_find_devices & uhd_usrp_probe return No UHD Devices Found

If problems arise when trying find and probe the device, it's most likely the case that interface between the node and USRP2 needs to be reconfigured. In most scenarios, if finding the USRP2s fails it should return the following for uhd_find_devices 

root@node1-1:~# uhd_find_devices
linux; GNU C++ version 4.6.1; Boost_104601; UHD_003.004.003-0-unknown

No UHD Devices Found

The USRP2 has an ethernet interface (ip address: 192.168.10.2) to the node's eth2 interface (ip address: 192.168.10.1). To verify the nodes interface configuration: 

root@node1-1:~# ifconfig eth2
eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:03:1d:07:49:5c
          inet addr:192.168.10.1  Bcast:192.168.10.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::203:1dff:fe07:495c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:370 (370.0 B)  TX bytes:862 (862.0 B)
          Interrupt:17 Memory:fdce0000-fdd00000

If the interface is not configured, then do then following: 

root@node1-1:~# ifconfig eth2 192.168.10.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

The USRP2 ip-address is 192.168.10.2. Now try pinging the USRP2. 

root@node1-1:~# ping 192.168.10.2
PING 192.168.10.2 (192.168.10.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_req=1 ttl=32 time=1.04 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_req=2 ttl=32 time=1.00 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_req=3 ttl=32 time=1.04 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_req=4 ttl=32 time=1.05 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.10.2: icmp_req=5 ttl=32 time=1.04 ms

At this point the node and USRP2 are able to see each other. Now retry finding and probing the USRPs.

Note: See TracWiki for help on using the wiki.