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miscUnix

Timestamp:: Aug 28, 2012, 7:35:02 PM (12 years ago)
Author:: akoshibe
Comment:: —

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Internal/OpenFlow/miscUnix

-              v17
+              v18
 = *Nix related tidbits... =
 This is a page on various tools and techniques related to *nix administration, programming, disaster recovery - basically, odds and ends that come in handy once every so often.
+= *Nix related tidbits. =
+This is a page on various tools and techniques related to administration, programming, disaster recovery - basically, odds and ends that come in handy once every so often on a UNIX-like system.
 Anything based on a link is reiterated just for completeness, and just in case a link dies.
 This page is a compilation of things done with Ubuntu and FreeBSD; however, general practices do apply to any UNIX-like OS, though syntax will inevitably be different.
+This page is a compilation of things done with Ubuntu and FreeBSD; however, general practices should apply to any UNIX-like OS, though syntax will inevitably be different.
 [#shell Shell-based] Command-line tools. So far, this section includes:
  * extundelete - for file system recovery
  * cdrecord - for burning ISO's
  * process I/O redirection (gdb)
  * fixing garbled text (gcc)
+ * `extundelete` - Linux file system recovery
+ * `cdrecord` - burning bootable ISO's
+ * process I/O redirection (`gdb`)
+ * fixing garbled text (`gcc`)
 [#net Network] Various networking-related things.
  * Disabling SSH timeout
  * NAT boxes
+  * with `ufw`
+  * with `pf`
+[#print Printing] quick CUPS setup [[BR]]
+  * with `ufw` (Linux)
+  * with `pf` (*BSD)
+[#print Quick Printing] Printing under *nix, relatively quickly
+ * CUPS
+ * `lpd`
 [#fortune one-liners] miscellaneous single-sentence tips. [[BR]]
 ----
 …
 == NAT boxes. ==
+NAT boxes are handy if you want to build a gateway. First and foremost, you need to enable IP packet forwarding on your to-be-NAT box. [[BR]]
+On Linux, the command
+{{{
+sudo sysctl -e net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+}}}
+at the shell enables it. For persistence, add the following line to /etc/default/ufw:
+{{{
+net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
+}}}
+[[BR]]
+Similarly for FreeBSD (assuming you have `sudo` installed),
+{{{
+sudo sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
+}}}
+enables it, and the following line in /etc/sysctl.conf makes it persistent:
+{{{
+net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
+}}}
 === with `ufw` ===
 source: https://nowhere.dk/articles/tip_nat_with_ubuntus_ufw_firewall
 …
 {{{
 DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"
-}}}
-and /etc/ufw/sysctl.conf :
-{{{
-net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
 }}}
 . set up IP masquerading in `ufw`
 …
 sudo pfctl -e -f /etc/pf.conf
 }}}
 If it throws errors, make sure that the kernel module (pf.ko or something similar) is loaded. Also, don't forget that IP forwarding is enabled:
+{{{
+sudo sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding=1
+}}}
+----
 == Printing setup with CUPS. == #print
+If it throws errors, make sure that the kernel module (pf.ko or something similar) is loaded.
+----
+== Quick Printing Setup. == #print
+This section contains info that should let you get up and printing from a network printer relatively quickly.
+=== with CUPS ===
  * ref: http://linuxcourse.rutgers.edu/howto/cups_printing.html
 CUPS stands for Common UNIX Printing System, and is fairly standard as a means to print from UNIX and UNIX-like things. We'll describe the steps needed for quick CUPS printing setup (bare-bones) in Ubuntu 11.04
 …
 tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
 }}}
+If you see it, point your browser to localhost:631. You should get a shiny-white welcome page. Yes, it was made by Apple.
+ If you see it, point your browser to localhost:631. You should get a shiny-white welcome page. Yes, it was made by Apple.
 . Add your printer from the Administration tab -> Add Printer. It will ask for the root user and password (OK if you are on sudoers). You will be asked to provide info on the printer, and choose the drivers.
 [[BR]]
 If all goes well, you will be able to see the printer's status with `lpstat`.
+ If all goes well, you will be able to see the printer's status with `lpstat`.
 {{{
 $ lpstat -p -d
 …
 no system default destination
 }}}
 If you want to print, you can do so by invoking `lp`:
+ If you want to print, you can do so by invoking `lp`:
 {{{
 $ lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge -d Phaser_5500DT [filename]
+}}}
+=== with `lpd` ===
+ * ref: http://www.wonkity.com/~wblock/docs/html/lpdprinting.html
+`lpd` comes packaged with FreeBSD, and is therefore extensively covered in its handbook. The above link lets you get going relatively quickly; here parts of the link are repeated.
+. (1) set up the spool directory (where printed files go temporarily), with (2) modified perms to keep jobs private:
+{{{
+mkdir /var/spool/lpd/lp                      (1)
+chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/lp
+chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/lp                  (2)
+}}}
+. enable `lpd`. Add the following to /etc/rc.conf:
+{{{
+lpd_enable="YES"
+}}}
+ to make `lpd` start at boot-up. "lpd" at the shell as root will also start it.
+. edit /etc/printcap :
+{{{
+lp:\
+        :lp=9100@192.168.200.32:\
+        :sh:\
+        :mx#0:\
+        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:\
+        :lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:
+}}}
+ * lp : the printer (port@machine IP), specifically Phaser_5500DT (the WINLAB printer in the large cubicle room)
+ * sh : suppress page header
+ * mx : maximum file size set to 0 (unlimited)
+ * sd : spool directory
+ * lf : file for error logging
+[[BR]]
+You can test if your setup works by piping a text string to `lpr`:
+{{{
+printf "printer test page\r\n\f" | lpr
+}}}
+ You also may have to do some extra work to print certain file formats. The WINLAB printer doesn't support direct printing of PDFs, so a quick work-around is to (1) convert, and (2) print it as a Postscript file:
+{{{
+pdf2ps /tmp/myfile.pdf /tmp/myfile.ps       (1)
+lpr /tmp/myfile.ps                          (2)
 }}}
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 …
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 [[BR]]